3b: Floating Point

+fn

Float.

A mold for the floating-point arithmetic using the base of two, the formula is $(-1)^s \times a \times 2^e$.

Produces either a float (%f), an infinity of other sign (%i), or not-a-number (%n). .s refers to sign, the $flags & or |; .e to exponent, a signed decimal; and .a to the significand, an unsigned integer.

Source

++  fn
        $%  [%f s=? e=@s a=@u]
            [%i s=?]
            [%n ~]
        ==

Examples

> *fn
[%n ~]

> (add:fl [%f & --33 2] [%f | --23 2])
[%f s=%.y e=-79 a=10.374.452.512.267.829.421.849.019.032.797.184]

> (add:fl [%i &] [%i &])
[%i s=%.y]

> (add:fl [%n ~] [%i |])
[%n ~]

> (sun:fl 961.193.554.848.514.048.973.893.027.381.506.219.443)
[%f s=%.y e=--17 a=7.333.324.850.834.000.007.430.214.137.126.970]

---

+dn

Decimal float.

A mold for the floating-point arithmetic using the base of 10; the formula is $(-1)^s \times a \times 10^e$.

Valid values are a float (%d), an infinity (%i), or a not-a-number (%n). .s refers to sign, the $flags & or |; .e to exponent, a signed decimal; and .a to the significand, an unsigned integer.

++  dn
  $%  [%d s=? e=@s a=@u]
      [%i s=?]
      [%n ~]
  ==

Examples

> `dn`[%d & --0 17.163.091.968]
[%d s=%.y e=--0 a=17.163.091.968]

> `dn`[%i s=%.y]
[%i s=%.y]

> `dn`[%n ~]
[%n ~]

---

+rn

Parsed decimal float.

A mold for the floating-point arithmetic using the base of 10; the formula is $(-1)^s \times a \times 10^e$.

Produces either a parsed float (%d), infinity of either sign (%i), or not-a-number (%n).

Source

++  rn
  $%  [%d a=? b=[c=@ [d=@ e=@] f=? i=@]]
      [%i a=?]
      [%n ~]
  ==

Examples

> `rn`[%d | [2 [3 4] | 17.163]]
[%d a=%.n b=[c=2 [d=3 e=4] f=%.n i=17.163]]

---

+fl

Arbitrary-precision floating-point.

Container arm for floating-point arithmetic functions.

• Precision (.p): number of bits in the significand; must be at least 2. Default is 113.

• Minimum exponent (.v): minimum value of .e. Default is -16.494.

• Width (.w): Max. value of .e minus min. value of .e. 0 is for fixed-point. Default is 32.765.

• Rounding mode (.r): Possible modes are nearest (%n), up (%u), down (%d), to zero (%z), and away from zero (%a). Default value is %n.

• Behavior (.d): return denormals (%d), flush denormals to zero (%z), infinite exponent range (%i). Default value is %d.

Source

++  fl
  =/  [[p=@u v=@s w=@u] r=$?(%n %u %d %z %a) d=$?(%d %f %i)]
    [[113 -16.494 32.765] %n %d]
  =>
    ~%  %cofl  +>  ~
    |%

---

^rou:fl

Round.

Rounds .a to a the nearest float that can be represented with a 113-bit significand. There is no term to sign the significand, meaning that a positive sign will always be produced.

Accepts

.a is a cell of a signed integer and an unsigned integer.

Produces

An fn.

Source

++  rou
  |=  [a=[e=@s a=@u]]  ^-  fn  (rau a &)

Examples

> =a 10.161.487.211.429.486.882.397.572.894.294.017.777

> (^rou:fl [--12 a])
[%f s=%.y e=--22 a=9.923.327.354.911.608.283.591.379.779.584.002]

> (^rou:fl [--12 (add a 1)])
[%f s=%.y e=--22 a=9.923.327.354.911.608.283.591.379.779.584.002]

> (^rou:fl [--12 (add a 300)])
[%f s=%.y e=--22 a=9.923.327.354.911.608.283.591.379.779.584.002]

> (^rou:fl [--12 (add a 1.000)])
[%f s=%.y e=--22 a=9.923.327.354.911.608.283.591.379.779.584.003]

---

+rau:fl

Various roundings.

Rounds .a based on what the state of of .r in the core contained in +fl. .t is a sticky bit that represents a value less than $ULP(a) = 2^(e.a)$ when passed to +lug:fl.

Accepts

.a is a cell of a signed integer and an unsigned integer.

.t is a $flag.

Produces

An +fn.

Source

++  rau
  |=  [a=[e=@s a=@u] t=?]  ^-  fn
  ?-  r
    %z  (lug %fl a t)  %d  (lug %fl a t)
    %a  (lug %ce a t)  %u  (lug %ce a t)
    %n  (lug %ne a t)
  ==

Examples

> (rau:fl [-18 342.602.577] &)
[%f s=%.y e=-102 a=6.626.897.619.228.945.634.459.505.846.648.832]

Discussion

See +lug:fl for possible rounding operations.

---

^add:fl

Add.

Produces the sum of .a and .b. .e is used to choose between an exact result (any-sized significand) or a rounded result (113-bit significand).

There is no term to sign the significands, so a positive sign will always be produced.

Accepts

.a is an +fn.

.b is an +fn

.e is a $flag.

Produces

An +fn.

Source

++  add
  |=  [a=[e=@s a=@u] b=[e=@s a=@u] e=?]  ^-  fn
  =+  q=(dif:si e.a e.b)
  |-  ?.  (syn:si q)  $(b a, a b, q +(q))
  ?:  e
    [%f & e.b (^add (lsh [0 (abs:si q)] a.a) a.b)]
  =+  [ma=(met 0 a.a) mb=(met 0 a.b)]
  =+  ^=  w  %+  dif:si  e.a  %-  sun:si
    ?:  (gth prc ma)  (^sub prc ma)  0
  =+  ^=  x  %+  sum:si  e.b  (sun:si mb)
  ?:  =((cmp:si w x) --1)
    ?-  r
      %z  (lug %fl a &)  %d  (lug %fl a &)
      %a  (lug %lg a &)  %u  (lug %lg a &)
      %n  (lug %na a &)
    ==
  (rou [e.b (^add (lsh [0 (abs:si q)] a.a) a.b)])

Examples

> (^add:fl [--33 2.718] [--23 11] %.y)
[%f s=%.y e=--23 a=2.783.243]

> (^add:fl [--33 2.718] [--23 11] %.n)
[%f s=%.y e=-68 a=6.890.975.897.521.519.304.902.126.405.156.864]

---

^sub:fl

Subtract.

Produces the difference of .a minus b. .e is used to choose between an exact result (any-sized significand) or a rounded result (113-bit significand).

Accepts

.a is a cell of a signed integer and an unsigned integer.

.b is a cell of a signed integer and an unsigned integer.

.e is a $flag.

Produces

An +fn.

Source

++  sub
  |=  [a=[e=@s a=@u] b=[e=@s a=@u] e=?]  ^-  fn
  =+  q=(dif:si e.a e.b)
  |-  ?.  (syn:si q)
    (fli $(b a, a b, q +(q), r swr))
  =+  [ma=(met 0 a.a) mb=(met 0 a.b)]
  =+  ^=  w  %+  dif:si  e.a  %-  sun:si
    ?:  (gth prc ma)  (^sub prc ma)  0
  =+  ^=  x  %+  sum:si  e.b  (sun:si +(mb))
  ?:  &(!e =((cmp:si w x) --1))
    ?-  r
      %z  (lug %sm a &)  %d  (lug %sm a &)
      %a  (lug %ce a &)  %u  (lug %ce a &)
      %n  (lug %nt a &)
    ==
  =+  j=(lsh [0 (abs:si q)] a.a)
  |-  ?.  (gte j a.b)
    (fli $(a.b j, j a.b, r swr))
  =+  i=(^sub j a.b)
  ?~  i  [%f & zer]
  ?:  e  [%f & e.b i]  (rou [e.b i])

Examples

> (^sub:fl [--33 2.718] [--23 11] %.y)
[%f s=%.y e=--23 a=2.783.221]

> (^sub:fl [--33 2.718] [--63 11] %.y)
[%f s=%.n e=--33 a=11.811.157.346]

---

^mul:fl

Multiply.

Produces the product of .a multiplied by .b. There is no term to sign the significands, so a positive sign will always be produced.

Accepts

.a is a cell of a signed integer and an unsigned integer.

.b is a cell of a signed integer and an unsigned integer.

Produces

An +fn.

Source

++  mul
  |=  [a=[e=@s a=@u] b=[e=@s a=@u]]  ^-  fn
  (rou (sum:si e.a e.b) (^mul a.a a.b))

Examples

> (^mul:fl [--3 2.718] [--23 11])
[%f s=%.y e=-72 a=9.475.054.411.405.900.661.487.108.108.582.912]

---

^div:fl

Divide.

Produces the quotient of .a divided by .b. There is no term to sign the significands, so a positive sign will always be produced.

Accepts

.a is a cell of a signed integer and an unsigned integer.

.b is a cell of a signed integer and an unsigned integer.

Produces

An +fn.

Source

++  div
  |=  [a=[e=@s a=@u] b=[e=@s a=@u]]  ^-  fn
  =+  [ma=(met 0 a.a) mb=(met 0 a.b)]
  =+  v=(dif:si (sun:si ma) (sun:si +((^add mb prc))))
  =.  a  ?:  (syn:si v)  a
  a(e (sum:si v e.a), a (lsh [0 (abs:si v)] a.a))
  =+  [j=(dif:si e.a e.b) q=(dvr a.a a.b)]
  (rau [j p.q] =(q.q 0))

Examples

> (^div:fl [--13 2.718] [--23 11])
[%f s=%.y e=-115 a=10.023.198.055.040.952.765.870.659.817.343.907]

---

^sqt:fl

Square root.

Produces the square root of .a.

Accepts

.a is a cell of a signed integer and an unsigned integer.

Produces

An +fn.

Source

++  sqt
  |=  [a=[e=@s a=@u]]  ^-  fn
  =.  a
    =+  [w=(met 0 a.a) x=(^mul +(prc) 2)]
    =+  ?:((^lth w x) (^sub x w) 0)
    =+  ?:  =((dis - 1) (dis (abs:si e.a) 1))  -
      (^add - 1)
    a(e (dif:si e.a (sun:si -)), a (lsh [0 -] a.a))
  =+  [y=(^sqt a.a) z=(fra:si e.a --2)]
  (rau [z p.y] =(q.y 0))

Examples

> (^sqt:fl [-18 342.602.577])
[%f s=%.y e=-107 a=5.865.903.143.604.945.574.132.671.852.050.553]

---

^lth:fl

Less than.

Tests if .a is less than .b.

Accepts

.a is a cell of a signed integer and an unsigned integer.

.b is a cell of a signed integer and an unsigned integer.

Produces

An $flag.

Source

++  lth
  |=  [a=[e=@s a=@u] b=[e=@s a=@u]]  ^-  ?
  ?:  =(e.a e.b)  (^lth a.a a.b)
  =+  c=(cmp:si (ibl a) (ibl b))
  ?:  =(c -1)  &  ?:  =(c --1)  |
  ?:  =((cmp:si e.a e.b) -1)
    (^lth (rsh [0 (abs:si (dif:si e.a e.b))] a.a) a.b)
  (^lth (lsh [0 (abs:si (dif:si e.a e.b))] a.a) a.b)

Examples

> (^lth:fl [-4 684] [--0 35])
%.n

> (^lth:fl [-4 684] [--0 90])
%.y

---

^equ:fl

Equals.

Tests if .a is equal to .b.

Accepts

.a is a cell of a signed integer and an unsigned integer.

.b is a cell of a signed integer and an unsigned integer.

Produces

A $flag.

Source

++  equ
  |=  [a=[e=@s a=@u] b=[e=@s a=@u]]  ^-  ?
  ?.  =((ibl a) (ibl b))  |
  ?:  =((cmp:si e.a e.b) -1)
    =((lsh [0 (abs:si (dif:si e.a e.b))] a.b) a.a)
  =((lsh [0 (abs:si (dif:si e.a e.b))] a.a) a.b)

Examples

> (^equ:fl [-4 480] [-0 50])
%.n

> (^equ:fl [-4 480] [-0 30])
%.y

---

+ibl:fl

Integer binary logarithm.

Produces the lowest power to which the number 2 must be raised to obtain .a or greater.

Accepts

.a is a cell of a signed integer and an unsigned integer.

Produces

A signed integer.

Source

++  ibl
  |=  [a=[e=@s a=@u]]  ^-  @s
  (sum:si (sun:si (dec (met 0 a.a))) e.a)

Examples

> (ibl:fl [-18 342.602.577])
--10

---

+uni:fl

Change representation to odd.

Produces another representation of the floating point .a where the significand is odd. Every floating-point number has a unique representation of this kind. If the significand of .a is already odd, nothing changes.

Accepts

.a is a cell of a signed integer and an unsigned integer.

Produces

A cell of a signed integer and an unsigned integer.

Source

++  uni
  |=  [a=[e=@s a=@u]]
  |-  ?:  =((end 0 a.a) 1)  a
  $(a.a (rsh 0 a.a), e.a (sum:si e.a --1))

Examples

> (uni:fl [-8 342.602.578])
[e=-7 a=171.301.289]

> (uni:fl [-8 342.602.577])
[e=-8 a=342.602.577]

---

+xpd:fl

Expand.

Produces the fully precise form of .a, or the denormalized form of .a.

Accepts

.a is a cell of a signed integer and an unsigned integer.

Produces

A cell of a signed integer and an unsigned integer.

Sources

++  xpd
  |=  [a=[e=@s a=@u]]
  =+  ma=(met 0 a.a)
  ?:  (gte ma prc)  a
  =+  ?:  =(den %i)  (^sub prc ma)
      =+  ^=  q
        =+  w=(dif:si e.a emn)
        ?:  (syn:si w)  (abs:si w)  0
      (min q (^sub prc ma))
  a(e (dif:si e.a (sun:si -)), a (lsh [0 -] a.a))

Examples

> (xpd:fl [--3 12])
[e=-106 a=7.788.445.287.802.241.442.795.744.493.830.144]

> (xpd:fl [-8 342.602.577])
[e=-92 a=6.626.897.619.228.945.634.459.505.846.648.832]

> (xpd:fl [-92 6.626.897.619.228.945.634.459.505.846.648.832])
[e=-92 a=6.626.897.619.228.945.634.459.505.846.648.832]

---

+lug:fl

Central rounding mechanism.

Performs various rounding operations on .a. An operation is chosen based on the value selected for .t. .s is a sticky bit that represents a value less than $ULP(a) = 2^(e.a)$.

Possible rounding operations:

• Floor (%fl)

• Ceiling (%ce)

• Smaller (%sm)

• Larger (%lg)

• Nearest (%ne) -- Rounds ties away from 0 if the number is even, rounds toward 0 if the number is odd.

Accepts

.t is one of the following: %fl, %ce, %sm, %lg, %ne, %na, or %nt.

.a is a cell of a signed integer and an unsigned integer.

.s is a $flag.

Produces

An +fn.

Source

++  lug
  ~/  %lug
  |=  [t=$?(%fl %ce %sm %lg %ne %na %nt) a=[e=@s a=@u] s=?]  ^-  fn
  ?<  =(a.a 0)
  =-
    ?.  =(den %f)  -                                ::  flush denormals
    ?.  ?=([%f *] -)  -
    ?:  =((met 0 ->+>) prc)  -  [%f & zer]
  ::
  =+  m=(met 0 a.a)
  ?>  |(s (gth m prc))                              ::  require precision
  =+  ^=  q  %+  max
      ?:  (gth m prc)  (^sub m prc)  0              ::  reduce precision
    %-  abs:si  ?:  =(den %i)  --0                  ::  enforce min. exp
    ?:  =((cmp:si e.a emn) -1)  (dif:si emn e.a)  --0
  =^  b  a  :-  (end [0 q] a.a)
    a(e (sum:si e.a (sun:si q)), a (rsh [0 q] a.a))
  ::
  ?~  a.a
    ?<  =(den %i)
    ?-  t
      %fl  [%f & zer]
      %sm  [%f & zer]
      %ce  [%f & spd]
      %lg  [%f & spd]
      %ne  ?:  s  [%f & ?:((lte b (bex (dec q))) zer spd)]
           [%f & ?:((^lth b (bex (dec q))) zer spd)]
      %nt  ?:  s  [%f & ?:((lte b (bex (dec q))) zer spd)]
           [%f & ?:((^lth b (bex (dec q))) zer spd)]
      %na  [%f & ?:((^lth b (bex (dec q))) zer spd)]
    ==
  ::
  =.  a  (xpd a)
  ::
  =.  a
    ?-  t
      %fl  a
      %lg  a(a +(a.a))
      %sm  ?.  &(=(b 0) s)  a
           ?:  &(=(e.a emn) !=(den %i))  a(a (dec a.a))
           =+  y=(dec (^mul a.a 2))
           ?.  (lte (met 0 y) prc)  a(a (dec a.a))
           [(dif:si e.a --1) y]
      %ce  ?:  &(=(b 0) s)  a  a(a +(a.a))
      %ne  ?~  b  a
           =+  y=(bex (dec q))
           ?:  &(=(b y) s)                          ::  round halfs to even
             ?~  (dis a.a 1)  a  a(a +(a.a))
           ?:  (^lth b y)  a  a(a +(a.a))
      %na  ?~  b  a
           =+  y=(bex (dec q))
           ?:  (^lth b y)  a  a(a +(a.a))
      %nt  ?~  b  a
           =+  y=(bex (dec q))
           ?:  =(b y)  ?:  s  a  a(a +(a.a))
           ?:  (^lth b y)  a  a(a +(a.a))
    ==
  ::
  =.  a  ?.  =((met 0 a.a) +(prc))  a
    a(a (rsh 0 a.a), e (sum:si e.a --1))
  ?~  a.a  [%f & zer]
  ::
  ?:  =(den %i)  [%f & a]
  ?:  =((cmp:si emx e.a) -1)  [%i &]  [%f & a]      ::  enforce max. exp

---

^drg:fl

Get printable decimal.

Produces the decimal form of .a using the Dragon4 algorithm. Guarantees accurate results for rounded floats.

Accepts

.a is a cell of a signed integer and an unsigned integer.

Produces

A cell of a signed integer and an unsigned integer.

Source

++  drg                                             ::  dragon4; get
  ~/  %drg                                          ::  printable decimal;
  |=  [a=[e=@s a=@u]]  ^-  [@s @u]                  ::  guaranteed accurate
  ?<  =(a.a 0)                                      ::  for rounded floats
  =.  a  (xpd a)
  =+  r=(lsh [0 ?:((syn:si e.a) (abs:si e.a) 0)] a.a)
  =+  s=(lsh [0 ?.((syn:si e.a) (abs:si e.a) 0)] 1)
  =+  mn=(lsh [0 ?:((syn:si e.a) (abs:si e.a) 0)] 1)
  =+  mp=mn
  =>  ?.
        ?&  =(a.a (bex (dec prc)))                  ::  if next smallest
            |(!=(e.a emn) =(den %i))                ::  float is half ULP,
        ==                                          ::  tighten lower bound
      .
    %=  .
      mp  (lsh 0 mp)
      r  (lsh 0 r)
      s  (lsh 0 s)
    ==
  =+  [k=--0 q=(^div (^add s 9) 10)]
  |-  ?:  (^lth r q)
    %=  $
      k  (dif:si k --1)
      r  (^mul r 10)
      mn  (^mul mn 10)
      mp  (^mul mp 10)
    ==
  |-  ?:  (gte (^add (^mul r 2) mp) (^mul s 2))
    $(s (^mul s 10), k (sum:si k --1))
  =+  [u=0 o=0]
  |-                                                ::  r/s+o = a*10^-k
  =+  v=(dvr (^mul r 10) s)
  =>  %=  .
      k  (dif:si k --1)
      u  p.v
      r  q.v
      mn  (^mul mn 10)
      mp  (^mul mp 10)
    ==
  =+  l=(^lth (^mul r 2) mn)                        ::  in lower bound
  =+  ^=  h                                         ::  in upper bound
    ?|  (^lth (^mul s 2) mp)
        (gth (^mul r 2) (^sub (^mul s 2) mp))
    ==
  ?:  &(!l !h)
    $(o (^add (^mul o 10) u))
  =+  q=&(h |(!l (gth (^mul r 2) s)))
  =.  o  (^add (^mul o 10) ?:(q +(u) u))
  [k o]

Examples

> (sun:fl 218.116)
[%f s=%.y e=-95 a=8.640.464.947.480.640.129.276.716.135.743.488]

> (^drg:fl [e=-95 a=8.640.464.947.480.640.129.276.716.135.743.488])
[--0 218.116]

> (sun:fl 102.057.673.128.349)
[%f s=%.y e=-66 a=7.530.527.107.827.833.883.675.587.233.447.936]

> (^drg:fl [e=-66 a=7.530.527.107.827.833.883.675.587.233.447.936])
[--0 102.057.673.128.349]

---

^toj:fl

Round to integer.

Rounds float .a to the nearest decimal float with an exponent of 0.

Accepts

.a is a cell of a signed integer and an unsigned integer.

Produces

An +fn.

Source

++  toj
  |=  [a=[e=@s a=@u]]  ^-  fn
  ?.  =((cmp:si e.a --0) -1)  [%f & a]
  =+  x=(abs:si e.a)
  =+  y=(rsh [0 x] a.a)
  ?:  |(=(r %d) =(r %z))  [%f & --0 y]
  =+  z=(end [0 x] a.a)
  ?:  |(=(r %u) =(r %a))  [%f & --0 ?~(z y +(y))]
  =+  i=(bex (dec x))
  ?:  &(=(z i) =((dis y 1) 0))  [%f & --0 y]
  ?:  (^lth z i)  [%f & --0 y]  [%f & --0 +(y)]

Examples

> (^toj:fl [-11 7.530.107.827.833.587])
[%f s=%.y e=--0 a=3.676.810.462.809]

> (^toj:fl [-11 7.530.107.827.833.589])
[%f s=%.y e=--0 a=3.676.810.462.809]

---

+ned:fl

Require float.

Produces .a if .a is a is of floating-point representation. If .a is another case of +fn, such as infinity or not-a-number, a crash is produced.

Accepts

.a is an +fn.

Produces

A cell of a signed integer and an unsigned integer.

Source

++  ned
  |=  [a=fn]  ^-  [%f s=? e=@s a=@u]
  ?:  ?=([%f *] a)  a
  ~_  leaf+"need-float"
  !!

Examples

> (ned:fl [%f s=%.y e=-11 a=7.530.107.827.833.587])
[%f s=%.y e=-11 a=7.530.107.827.833.587]

> (ned:fl [%n ~])
! need-float
! exit

> (ned:fl [%i |])
! need-float
! exit

---

+shf:fl

Shift power.

Multiplies .a by 2 to the .b power without rounding. This results in shifting the exponent term by .b.

Accepts

.a is an +fn.

.b is a signed integer.

Produces

An +fn.

Source

++  shf
  |=  [a=fn b=@s]
  ?:  |(?=([%n *] a) ?=([%i *] a))  a
  a(e (sum:si e.a b))

Examples

> (shf:fl [[%f & -2 7] --2])
[%f s=%.y e=--0 a=7]

> (shf:fl [[%f & -2 7] -2])
[%f s=%.y e=-4 a=7]

> (shf:fl [%f & -11 7.530.107.827.833.587] --5)
[%f s=%.y e=-6 a=7.530.107.827.833.587]

---

+fli:fl

Flip sign.

Produces .a with its signed changed from positive to negative, or vice versa.

Accepts

.a is an +fn.

Produces

An +fn.

Source

++  fli
  |=  [a=fn]  ^-  fn
  ?-(-.a %f a(s !s.a), %i a(s !s.a), %n a)

Examples

> (fli:fl [%f %.y -2 7])
[%f s=%.n e=-2 a=7]

> (fli:fl [%f %.n --2 30.617])
[%f s=%.y e=--2 a=30.617]

> (fli:fl [%f | --2 30.617])
[%f s=%.y e=--2 a=30.617]

---

+swr:fl

Switch rounding.

Switches the rounding mode of r:fl.

Source

++  swr  ?+(r r %d %u, %u %d)

Examples

Below is the default +fl core.

> r:fl
%n

> swr:fl
%n

The second new-fl below is a new +fl core with changed state.

> =new-fl fl

> =new-fl new-fl(r %u)

> swr:new-fl
%d

---

+prc:fl

Force precision of 2 or greater.

Produces .p, the core's precision, if .p is greater than or equal to 2. Otherwise, a crash is produced.

Source

++  prc  ?>((gth p 1) p)

Examples

> prc:fl
113

> =new-fl fl

> =new-fl new-fl(p 1)

> prc:new-fl
! exit

> =new-fl new-fl(p 2)

> prc:new-fl
2

---

+den:fl

Behavior.

Produces d:fl. Denormalizes if d:fl is %d. Flushes denormals to zero if d:fl is %f.

• Denormalizes if d:fl is %d.

• Flushes denormals to zero if d:fl is %f.

• Infinite exponent range if %d is %i.

The default value of .d is %d.

Source

++  den  d

Examples

> den:fl
%d

> =new-fl fl

> =new-fl new-fl(d %f)

> den:new-fl
%f

---

+emn:fl

Minimum exponent.

Produces v:fl, the minimum exponent. The default minimum exponent is -16.494.

Source

++  emn  v

Examples

> emn:fl
-16.494

---

+emx:fl

Maximum exponent.

Returns the maximum exponent of +fl. The default maximum exponent is --16.271.

Source

++  emx  (sum:si emn (sun:si w))

Examples

> emx:fl
--16.271

> `@u`emx:fl
32.542

---

+spd:fl

Smallest denormal.

Produces the smallest possible denormalized float.

Source

++  spd  [e=emn a=1]

Examples

> spd:fl
[e=-16.494 a=1]

---

+spn:fl

Smallest normal.

Produces the smallest representable normal float.

Source

++  spn  [e=emn a=(bex (dec prc))]

Examples

> spn:fl
[e=-16.494 a=5.192.296.858.534.827.628.530.496.329.220.096]

---

+lfn:fl

Largest normal.

Produces the largest representable normal float.

Source

++  lfn  [e=emx a=(fil 0 prc 1)]

Examples

> lfn:fl
[e=--16.271 a=10.384.593.717.069.655.257.060.992.658.440.191]

---

+lfe:fl

Maximum.

Produces the sum of emx:fl plus prc:fl.

Source

++  lfe  (sum:si emx (sun:si prc))

Examples

> lfe:fl
--16.384

---

+zer:fl

Zero.

Produces zero represented as a float.

Source

++  zer  [e=--0 a=0]

Examples

> zer:fl
[e=--0 a=0]

---

+rou:fl

Round.

Rounds .a. The way in which .a is rounded depends on the value of r:fl.

Accepts

.a is an +fn.

Produes

An +fn.

Source

++  rou
  |=  [a=fn]  ^-  fn
  ?.  ?=([%f *] a)  a
  ?~  a.a  [%f s.a zer]
  ?:  s.a  (^rou +>.a)
  =.(r swr (fli (^rou +>.a)))

Examples

> =a 10.161.487.211.429.486.882.397.572.894.294.017.777

> (rou:fl [%f & --12 a])
[%f s=%.y e=--22 a=9.923.327.354.911.608.283.591.379.779.584.002]

> (rou:fl [%f & --12 (add a 1)])
[%f s=%.y e=--22 a=9.923.327.354.911.608.283.591.379.779.584.002]

> (rou:fl [%f & --12 (add a 300)])
[%f s=%.y e=--22 a=9.923.327.354.911.608.283.591.379.779.584.002]

> (rou:fl [%f & --12 (add a 1.000)])
[%f s=%.y e=--22 a=9.923.327.354.911.608.283.591.379.779.584.003]

---

+syn:fl

Get sign.

Produces the sign of .a.

Accepts

.a is an +fn.

Produes

An +fn.

Source

++  syn
  |=  [a=fn]  ^-  ?
  ?-(-.a %f s.a, %i s.a, %n &)

Examples

> (syn:fl (sun:fl 106))
%.y

> (syn:fl [%f | --0 106])
%.n

---

+abs:fl

Absolute value.

Produces the absolute value of .a.

Accepts

.a is an +fn.

Produes

An +fn.

Sources

++  abs
  |=  [a=fn]  ^-  fn
  ?:  ?=([%f *] a)  [%f & e.a a.a]
  ?:  ?=([%i *] a)  [%i &]  [%n ~]

Examples

> (abs:fl [%f | --0 106])
[%f s=%.y e=--0 a=106]

> (abs:fl [%f & --0 106])
[%f s=%.y e=--0 a=106]

---

+add:fl

Add.

Produces the sum of .a plus .b.

Accepts

.a is an +fn.

.b is an +fn.

Produces

An +fn.

Source

++  add
  |=  [a=fn b=fn]  ^-  fn
  ?:  |(?=([%n *] a) ?=([%n *] b))  [%n ~]
  ?:  |(?=([%i *] a) ?=([%i *] b))
    ?:  &(?=([%i *] a) ?=([%i *] b))
      ?:  =(a b)  a  [%n ~]
    ?:  ?=([%i *] a)  a  b
  ?:  |(=(a.a 0) =(a.b 0))
    ?.  &(=(a.a 0) =(a.b 0))  %-  rou  ?~(a.a b a)
    [%f ?:(=(r %d) &(s.a s.b) |(s.a s.b)) zer]
  %-  |=  [a=fn]
      ?.  ?=([%f *] a)  a
      ?.  =(a.a 0)  a
      [%f !=(r %d) zer]
  ?:  =(s.a s.b)
    ?:  s.a  (^add +>.a +>.b |)
    =.(r swr (fli (^add +>.a +>.b |)))
  ?:  s.a  (^sub +>.a +>.b |)
  (^sub +>.b +>.a |)

Examples

> (add:fl [%f & --0 106] [%f | --3 55])
[%f s=%.n e=-104 a=6.774.324.807.619.657.921.598.381.929.529.344]

---

+ead:fl

Exact add.

Produces the exact sum of .a plus .b.

Accepts

.a is an +fn.

.b is an +fn.

Produces

An +fn.

Source

++  ead
  |=  [a=fn b=fn]  ^-  fn
  ?:  |(?=([%n *] a) ?=([%n *] b))  [%n ~]
  ?:  |(?=([%i *] a) ?=([%i *] b))
    ?:  &(?=([%i *] a) ?=([%i *] b))
      ?:  =(a b)  a  [%n ~]
    ?:  ?=([%i *] a)  a  b
  ?:  |(=(a.a 0) =(a.b 0))
    ?.  &(=(a.a 0) =(a.b 0))  ?~(a.a b a)
    [%f ?:(=(r %d) &(s.a s.b) |(s.a s.b)) zer]
  %-  |=  [a=fn]
      ?.  ?=([%f *] a)  a
      ?.  =(a.a 0)  a
      [%f !=(r %d) zer]
  ?:  =(s.a s.b)
    ?:  s.a  (^add +>.a +>.b &)
    (fli (^add +>.a +>.b &))
  ?:  s.a  (^sub +>.a +>.b &)
  (^sub +>.b +>.a &)

Examples

> (ead:fl [%f & --0 106] [%f | --3 55])
[%f s=%.n e=--0 a=334]

---

+sub:fl

Subtract.

Produces the difference of .a minus .b.

Accepts

.a is an +fn.

.b is an +fn.

Produces

An +fn.

Source

++  sub
  |=  [a=fn b=fn]  ^-  fn  (add a (fli b))

Examples

> (sub:fl [%f & --13 2.718] [%f & --23 11])
[%f s=%.n e=-86 a=5.416.671.014.775.224.232.595.412.796.571.648]

---

+mul:fl

Multiply.

Produces the product of .a multiplied by .b.

Accepts

.a is an +fn.

.b is an +fn.

Produces

An +fn.

Source

++  mul
  |=  [a=fn b=fn]  ^-  fn
  ?:  |(?=([%n *] a) ?=([%n *] b))  [%n ~]
  ?:  ?=([%i *] a)
    ?:  ?=([%i *] b)
      [%i =(s.a s.b)]
    ?:  =(a.b 0)  [%n ~]  [%i =(s.a s.b)]
  ?:  ?=([%i *] b)
    ?:  =(a.a 0)  [%n ~]  [%i =(s.a s.b)]
  ?:  |(=(a.a 0) =(a.b 0))  [%f =(s.a s.b) zer]
  ?:  =(s.a s.b)  (^mul +>.a +>.b)
  =.(r swr (fli (^mul +>.a +>.b)))

---

+emu:fl

Exact multiply.

Produces the exact product of .a multiplied by .b.

Accepts

.a is an +fn.

.b is an +fn.

Produces

An +fn.

Examples

++  emu
  |=  [a=fn b=fn]  ^-  fn
  ?:  |(?=([%n *] a) ?=([%n *] b))  [%n ~]
  ?:  ?=([%i *] a)
    ?:  ?=([%i *] b)
      [%i =(s.a s.b)]
    ?:  =(a.b 0)  [%n ~]  [%i =(s.a s.b)]
  ?:  ?=([%i *] b)
    ?:  =(a.a 0)  [%n ~]  [%i =(s.a s.b)]
  ?:  |(=(a.a 0) =(a.b 0))  [%f =(s.a s.b) zer]
  [%f =(s.a s.b) (sum:si e.a e.b) (^^mul a.a a.b)]

---

+div:fl

Divide.

Produces the quotient of .a divided by .b.

Accepts

.a is an +fn.

.b is an +fn.

Produces

An +fn.

Source

++  div
  |=  [a=fn b=fn]  ^-  fn
  ?:  |(?=([%n *] a) ?=([%n *] b))  [%n ~]
  ?:  ?=([%i *] a)
    ?:  ?=([%i *] b)  [%n ~]  [%i =(s.a s.b)]
  ?:  ?=([%i *] b)  [%f =(s.a s.b) zer]
  ?:  =(a.a 0)  ?:  =(a.b 0)  [%n ~]  [%f =(s.a s.b) zer]
  ?:  =(a.b 0)  [%i =(s.a s.b)]
  ?:  =(s.a s.b)  (^div +>.a +>.b)
  =.(r swr (fli (^div +>.a +>.b)))

---

+fma:fl

Fused multiply-add.

Produces the sum of .c plus the product of .a multiplied by .b; $(a * b) + c$.

Accepts

.a is an +fn.

.b is an +fn.

.c is an +fn.

Produces

An +fn.

Source

++  fma
  |=  [a=fn b=fn c=fn]  ^-  fn
  (add (emu a b) c)

Examples

> (fma:fl [%f & --13 2.718] [%f & --23 11] [%f & --13 2.718])
[%f s=%.y e=-62 a=9.475.054.514.089.037.465.004.673.635.188.736]=

---

+sqt:fl

Square root.

Produces the square root of .a.

Accepts

.a is an +fn.

Produces

An +fn.

Source

++  sqt
  |=  [a=fn]  ^-  fn
  ?:  ?=([%n *] a)  [%n ~]
  ?:  ?=([%i *] a)  ?:(s.a a [%n ~])
  ?~  a.a  [%f s.a zer]
  ?:  s.a  (^sqt +>.a)  [%n ~]

Examples

> (sqt:fl [%f s=%.y e=-18 a=342.602.577])
[%f s=%.y e=-107 a=5.865.903.143.604.945.574.132.671.852.050.553]

---

+inv:fl

Inverse.

Produces the inverse of .a by dividing 1 by .a.

Accepts

.a is an +fn.

Produces

An +fn.

Source

++  inv
  |=  [a=fn]  ^-  fn
  (div [%f & --0 1] a)

Examples

> (inv:fl [%f s=%.y e=--0 a=10])
[%f s=%.y e=-116 a=8.307.674.973.655.724.205.648.794.126.752.154]

> (drg:fl [%f s=%.y e=-116 a=8.307.674.973.655.724.205.648.794.126.752.154])
[%d s=%.y e=-1 a=1]

> (inv:fl [%f s=%.y e=--1 a=10])
[%f s=%.y e=-117 a=8.307.674.973.655.724.205.648.794.126.752.154]

> (drg:fl [%f s=%.y e=-117 a=8.307.674.973.655.724.205.648.794.126.752.154])
[%d s=%.y e=-2 a=5]

> (inv:fl [%f s=%.y e=--2 a=10])
[%f s=%.y e=-118 a=8.307.674.973.655.724.205.648.794.126.752.154]

> (drg:fl [%f s=%.y e=-118 a=8.307.674.973.655.724.205.648.794.126.752.154])
[%d s=%.y e=-3 a=25]

---

+sun:fl

Unsigned integer to float.

Produces .a in floating-point representation.

Accepts

.a is an unsigned integer.

Produces

An +fn.

Source

++  sun
  |=  [a=@u]  ^-  fn
  (rou [%f & --0 a])

Examples

> (sun:fl 0)
[%f s=%.y e=--0 a=0]

> (sun:fl 5.048.729)
[%f s=%.y e=-90 a=6.250.023.776.601.238.669.911.180.544.311.296]

> (sun:fl -100)
! exit

---

+san:fl

Signed integer to float.

Produces the floating-point representation of .a, a signed integer.

Accepts

.a is a signed integer.

Produces

An +fn.

Source

++  san
  |=  [a=@s]  ^-  fn
  =+  b=(old:si a)
  (rou [%f -.b --0 +.b])

Examples

> (san:fl --100)
[%f s=%.y e=-106 a=8.112.963.841.460.668.169.578.900.514.406.400]

> (san:fl -100)
[%f s=%.n e=-106 a=8.112.963.841.460.668.169.578.900.514.406.400]

---

+lth:fl

Less than.

Tests if .a is less than .b. Returns ~ in the event of .a or .b being a NaN ([%n ~]).

Accepts

.a is an +fn.

.b is an +fn.

Produces

A +unit of $flag.

Source

++  lth
  |=  [a=fn b=fn]  ^-  (unit ?)
  ?:  |(?=([%n *] a) ?=([%n *] b))  ~  :-  ~
  ?:  =(a b)  |
  ?:  ?=([%i *] a)  !s.a  ?:  ?=([%i *] b)  s.b
  ?:  |(=(a.a 0) =(a.b 0))
    ?:  &(=(a.a 0) =(a.b 0))  |
    ?:  =(a.a 0)  s.b  !s.a
  ?:  !=(s.a s.b)  s.b
  ?:  s.a  (^lth +>.a +>.b)  (^lth +>.b +>.a)

Examples

> (lth:fl (sun:fl 116) (sun:fl 4.820))
[~ u=%.y]

> (lth:fl (sun:fl 218.116) (sun:fl 4.820))
[~ u=%.n]

> (lth:fl (sun:fl 218.116) [%n ~])
~

---

+lte:fl

Less than or equal.

Tests whether .a is less than or equal to .b. Returns ~ in the event of .a or .b being a NaN ([%n ~]).

Accepts

.a is an +fn.

.b is an +fn.

Produces

A +unit of $flag.

Source

++  lte
  |=  [a=fn b=fn]  ^-  (unit ?)
  %+  bind  (lth b a)  |=  a=?  !a

Examples

> (lte:fl (sun:fl 102) [%f %.y -5 973.655.724])
[~ u=%.y]

> (lte:fl (sun:fl 102) [%f %.y -24 973.655.724])
[~ u=%.n]

> (lte:fl [%f %.y --2 25] (sun:fl 100))
[~ u=%.y]

> (lte:fl [%f %.y --2 25] [%f %.y --3 2])
[~ u=%.n]

> (lte:fl [%f %.y --2 25] [%n ~])
~

---

+equ:fl

Equals.

Tests if .a is equal to .b. Returns ~ in the event of .a or .b being a NaN ([%n ~]).

Accepts

.a is an +fn.

.b is an +fn.

Produces

An +unit of $flag.

Source

++  equ
  |=  [a=fn b=fn]  ^-  (unit ?)
  ?:  |(?=([%n *] a) ?=([%n *] b))  ~  :-  ~
  ?:  =(a b)  &
  ?:  |(?=([%i *] a) ?=([%i *] b))  |
  ?:  |(=(a.a 0) =(a.b 0))
    ?:  &(=(a.a 0) =(a.b 0))  &  |
  ?:  |(=(e.a e.b) !=(s.a s.b))  |
  (^equ +>.a +>.b)

Examples

> (equ:fl [%f %.y --2 25] (sun:fl 100))
[~ u=%.y]

> (equ:fl [%f %.y --2 25] (sun:fl 101))
[~ u=%.n]

---

+gte:fl

Greater or equal than.

Tests whether .a is greater than or equal to .b. Returns ~ in the event of .a or .b being a NaN ([%n ~]).

Accepts

.a is an +fn.

.b is an +fn.

Produces

An +unit of $flag.

Source

++  gte
  |=  [a=fn b=fn]  ^-  (unit ?)  (lte b a)

Examples

> (gte:fl [%f %.y --2 25] (sun:fl 100))
[~ u=%.y]

> (gth:fl [%f %.y --6 73.989] [%f %.y --5 919.599])
[~ u=%.n]

> (gth:fl [%f %.y --6 73.989] [%n ~])
~

---

+gth:fl

Greater than.

Tests whether .a is greater than .b. Returns ~ in the event of .a or .b being a NaN ([%n ~]).

Accepts

.a is an +fn.

.b is an +fn.

Produces

An +unit of $flag.

Source

++  gth
  |=  [a=fn b=fn]  ^-  (unit ?)  (lth b a)

Examples

> (gth:fl [%f %.y --2 25] (sun:fl 100))
[~ u=%.n]

> (gth:fl [%f %.y --6 73.989] [%f %.y --5 119.599])
[~ u=%.y]

---

+drg:fl

Float to decimal.

Produces the decimal form of .a using the Dragon4 algorithm. Guarantees accurate results for rounded floats.

Accepts

.a is an +fn.

Produces

A +dn.

Source

++  drg
  |=  [a=fn]  ^-  dn
  ?:  ?=([%n *] a)  [%n ~]
  ?:  ?=([%i *] a)  [%i s.a]
  ?~  a.a  [%d s.a --0 0]
  [%d s.a (^drg +>.a)]

Examples

> (drg:fl [%f | --6 73.989])
[%d s=%.n e=--0 a=4.735.296]

---

+grd:fl

Decimal to float.

Converts decimal .a to +fn.

Accepts

.a is a +dn.

Produces

An +fn.

Source

++  grd
  |=  [a=dn]  ^-  fn
  ?:  ?=([%n *] a)  [%n ~]
  ?:  ?=([%i *] a)  [%i s.a]
  =>  .(r %n)
  =+  q=(abs:si e.a)
  ?:  (syn:si e.a)
    (mul [%f s.a --0 a.a] [%f & e.a (pow 5 q)])
  (div [%f s.a --0 a.a] [%f & (sun:si q) (pow 5 q)])

Examples

> (grd:fl [%d s=%.n e=--0 a=73.989])
[%f s=%.n e=-96 a=5.862.012.516.267.904.074.208.723.341.410.304]

> (grd:fl [%d s=%.n e=--0 a=100])
[%f s=%.n e=-106 a=8.112.963.841.460.668.169.578.900.514.406.400]

---

+toi:fl

Round to signed integer.

Rounds .a to the nearest signed integer.

Accepts

.a is an +fn.

Produces

A +unit of @s.

Source

++  toi
  |=  [a=fn]  ^-  (unit @s)
  =+  b=(toj a)
  ?.  ?=([%f *] b)  ~  :-  ~
  =+  c=(^^mul (bex (abs:si e.b)) a.b)
  (new:si s.b c)

Examples

> (toi:fl [%f s=%.y e=-78 a=8.112.963.841.460.668.169.578.900.514.406.400])
[~ u=--26.843.545.600]

---

+toj:fl

Round to integer fn.

Rounds .a to the nearest decimal integer.

Accepts

.a is an +fn.

Produces

A +unit of @s.

Source

++  toj
  |=  [a=fn]  ^-  fn
  ?.  ?=([%f *] a)  a
  ?~  a.a  [%f s.a zer]
  ?:  s.a  (^toj +>.a)
  =.(r swr (fli (^toj +>.a)))

Examples

> (toj:fl [%f s=%.y e=-78 a=8.112.963.841.460.668.169.578.900.514.406.400])
[%f s=%.y e=--0 a=26.843.545.600]

> (toj:fl [%f s=%.y e=-78 a=8.112.963.841.460.668.169.578.900.514])
[%f s=%.y e=--0 a=26.844]

> (toj:fl [%f s=%.y e=-78 a=8.112.963.841.460])
[%f s=%.y e=--0 a=0]

> (toj:fl [%f s=%.y e=-9 a=9.002])
[%f s=%.y e=--0 a=16]

---

+ff

IEEE 754 Formatting.

Container core for IEEE 754 formatting operations.

• .w is width: The number of bits in the exponent field.

• .p is precision: The number of bits in the significand field.

• .b is bias: Added to exponent when storing.

• .r is rounding mode: Possible modes are nearest (%n), up (%u), down (%d), to zero (%z), and away from zero (%a). Default value is %a.

Source

++  ff
  |_  [[w=@u p=@u b=@s] r=$?(%n %u %d %z %a)]

Examples

> =ffcore ~(. ff [8 8 0] %n)

> ffcore
<24.ull [[[@ud @ud @ud] r=%n] <51.qbt 123.ppa 46.hgz 1.pnw %140>]>

---

Discussion

+ff has no use outside of the functionality provided to other cores: +rd, +rs, +rq, and +rh. It's not intended to be used directly; it's just meant to power those cores.

---

+sb:ff

Sign bit.

Produces the sign bit of +ff.

Source

++  sb  (bex (^add w p))

Examples

> sb:ff
1

---

+me:ff

Minimum exponent.

Produces the minimum possible exponent of +ff.

Source

++  me  (dif:si (dif:si --1 b) (sun:si p))

Examples

> me:ff
--1

---

+pa:ff

Initialize +fl.

Instantiates the core +fl, giving values to its samples based on the configuration of the +ff core.

Source

++  pa
  %*(. fl p +(p), v me, w (^sub (bex w) 3), d %d, r r)

Examples

> ~(pa ff [11 52 --1.023] %n)
< 23.qzd
  28.btz
  { {{p/@ v/@s w/@} r/?($n $u $a $d $z) d/$d}
    <54.tyv 119.wim 31.ohr 1.jmk $143>
  }
>

Discussion

+pa exists exclusively for internal use of +ff, and +ff exists for internal use in other cores.

---

+sea:ff

@r to +fn.

Converts .a from @r to +fn.

Accepts

.a is a @r, an IEEE float.

Produces

A +unit of @s.

Source

++  sea
  |=  [a=@r]  ^-  fn
  =+  [f=(cut 0 [0 p] a) e=(cut 0 [p w] a)]
  =+  s=(sig a)
  ?:  =(e 0)
    ?:  =(f 0)  [%f s --0 0]  [%f s me f]
  ?:  =(e (fil 0 w 1))
    ?:  =(f 0)  [%i s]  [%n ~]
  =+  q=:(sum:si (sun:si e) me -1)
  =+  r=(^add f (bex p))
  [%f s q r]

Examples

> (sea:ff `@r`0x8)
[%f s=%.y e=--0 a=0]

---

+bit:ff

+fn to @r, rounding.

Converts .a from +fn to @r and applies rounding.

Accepts

.a is an +fn.

Produces

A @r.

Source

++  bit  |=  [a=fn]  (bif (rou:pa a))

Examples

> (bit:ma:rd [%f | -6 202])
0xc009400000000000

---

+bif:ff

+fn to @r, no rounding.

Converts .a from +fn to @r. No rounding is applied.

Accepts

.a is a @r, an IEEE float.

Produces

A $flag.

Source

++  bif
  |=  [a=fn]  ^-  @r
  ?:  ?=([%i *] a)
    =+  q=(lsh [0 p] (fil 0 w 1))
    ?:  s.a  q  (^add q sb)
  ?:  ?=([%n *] a)  (lsh [0 (dec p)] (fil 0 +(w) 1))
  ?~  a.a  ?:  s.a  `@r`0  sb
  =+  ma=(met 0 a.a)
  ?.  =(ma +(p))
    ?>  =(e.a me)
    ?>  (^lth ma +(p))
    ?:  s.a  `@r`a.a  (^add a.a sb)
  =+  q=(sum:si (dif:si e.a me) --1)
  =+  r=(^add (lsh [0 p] (abs:si q)) (end [0 p] a.a))
  ?:  s.a  r  (^add r sb)

Examples

> (bif:ma:rd *fn)
0x7ff8000000000000

---

+sig:ff

Get sign.

Produces the sign of .a.

Accepts

.a is a @r, an IEEE float.

Produces

A $flag.

Source

++  sig
  |=  [a=@r]  ^-  ?
  =(0 (cut 0 [(^add p w) 1] a))

Examples

> (sig:ff `@r`5)
%.n

---

+exp:ff

Get exponent.

Produces the exponent of .a.

Accepts

.a is a @r, an IEEE float.

Produces

A signed integer.

Source

++  exp
  |=  [a=@r]  ^-  @s
  (dif:si (sun:si (cut 0 [p w] a)) b)

Examples

> (exp:ff `@r`5)
--0

---

+add:ff

Add.

Produces the sum of .a plus .b.

Accepts

.a is a @r, an IEEE float.

.b is a @r, an IEEE float.

Produces

A @r, an IEEE float.

Source

++  add
  |=  [a=@r b=@r]
  (bif (add:pa (sea a) (sea b)))

Examples

> (add:ma:rd `@r`5 `@r`11)
0x10

---

+sub:ff

Sub.

Produces the sum of .a plus .b.

Accepts

.a is a @r, an IEEE float.

.b is a @r, an IEEE float.

Produces

A @r, an IEEE float.

Source

++  sub
  |=  [a=@r b=@r]
  (bif (sub:pa (sea a) (sea b)))

Examples

> (sub:ma:rd `@r`5 `@r`11)
0x8000000000000006

---

+mul:ff

Multiply.

Produces the product of .a multiplied by .b.

Accepts

.a is a @r, an IEEE float.

.b is a @r, an IEEE float.

Produces

A @r, an IEEE float.

Multiply

++  mul
  |=  [a=@r b=@r]
  (bif (mul:pa (sea a) (sea b)))

Examples

> (mul:ma:rd `@r`11 `@r`2)
0x0

---

+div:ff

Divide.

Produces the quotient of .a divided by .b.

Accepts

.a is a @r, an IEEE float.

.b is a @r, an IEEE float.

Produces

A @r, an IEEE float.

Source

++  div
  |=  [a=@r b=@r]
  (bif (div:pa (sea a) (sea b)))

Examples

> (div:ma:rd `@r`175 `@r`26)
0x401aec4ec4ec4ec4

---

+fma:ff

Fused multiply-add.

Produces the sum of .c plus the product of .a multiplied by .b; $(a * b) + c$.

Accepts

.a is a @r, an IEEE float.

.b is a @r, an IEEE float.

.c is a @r, an IEEE float.

Produces

A @r, an IEEE float.

Source

++  fma
  |=  [a=@r b=@r c=@r]
  (bif (fma:pa (sea a) (sea b) (sea c)))

Examples

> (fma:ma:rd `@r`175 `@r`26 `@r`100)
0x64

---

+sqt:ff

Square root.

Produces the square root of .a.

Accepts

.a is a @r, an IEEE float.

Produces

A @r, an IEEE float.

Source

++  sqt
  |=  [a=@r]
  (bif (sqt:pa (sea a)))

Examples

> (sqt:ma:rd `@r`175)
0x1e9a751f9447b724

---

+lth:ff

Less than.

Tests whether .a is less than .b.

Accepts

.a is a @r, an IEEE float.

.b is a @r, an IEEE float.

Produces

A $flag.

Source

++  lth
  |=  [a=@r b=@r]  (fall (lth:pa (sea a) (sea b)) |)

Examples

> (lth:ma:rd `@rd`1 `@rd`2)
%.y

> (lth:ma:rd `@rd`10 `@rd`2)
%.n

---

+lte:ff

Less than or equal to.

Tests whether .a is less than or equal to .b.

Accepts

.a is a @r, an IEEE float.

.b is a @r, an IEEE float.

Produces

A $flag.

Source

++  lte
  |=  [a=@r b=@r]  (fall (lte:pa (sea a) (sea b)) |)

Examples

> (lte:ma:rd `@rd`10 `@rd`2)
%.n

> (lte:ma:rd `@rd`10 `@rd`10)
%.y

---

+equ:ff

Equals.

Tests whether .a is equal to .b.

Accepts

.a is a @r, an IEEE float.

.b is a @r, an IEEE float.

Produces

A $flag.

Source

++  equ
  |=  [a=@r b=@r]  (fall (equ:pa (sea a) (sea b)) |)

Examples

> (equ:ma:rd `@rd`10 `@rd`2)
%.n

> (equ:ma:rd `@rd`10 `@rd`10)
%.y

---

+gte:ff

Greater or equal than.

Tests whether .a is greater than or equal to .b.

Accepts

.a is a @r, an IEEE float.

.b is a @r, an IEEE float.

Produces

A $flag.

Source

++  gte
  |=  [a=@r b=@r]  (fall (gte:pa (sea a) (sea b)) |)

Examples

> (gte:ma:rd `@rd`10 `@rd`10)
%.y

> (gte:ma:rd `@rd`10 `@rd`11)
%.n

---

+gth:ff

Greater than.

Tests whether .a is greater than or equal to .b.

Accepts

.a is a @r, an IEEE float.

.b is a @r, an IEEE float.

Produces

A $flag.

Source

++  gth
  |=  [a=@r b=@r]  (fall (gth:pa (sea a) (sea b)) |)

Examples

> (gth:ma:rd `@rd`10 `@rd`10)
%.n

> (gth:ma:rd `@rd`10 `@rd`9)
%.y

---

+sun:ff

Unsigned integer to @r.

Converts .a from an unsigned integer (@u) to @r.

Accepts

.a is @u, unsigned integer.

Produces

A @r, an IEEE float.

Source

++  sun
  |=  [a=@u]  (bit [%f & --0 a])

Examples

> (sun:ma:rd 658.149.282)
0x41c39d47d1000000

---

+san:ff

Signed integer to @r.

Converts .a from a signed integer to @r.

Accepts

.a is @s, a signed integer.

Produces

A @r, an IEEE float.

Source

++  san
  |=  [a=@s]  (bit [%f (syn:si a) --0 (abs:si a)])

Examples

> (san:ma:rd --10)
0x4024000000000000

---

+toi:ff

Round to integer.

Rounds .a to the nearest signed integer.

Accepts

.a is a @r, an IEEE float.

Produces

A $flag of @s.

Source

++  toi
  |=  [a=@r]  (toi:pa (sea a))

Examples

> (toi:ma:rd `@r`0x4af)
[~ u=--0]

---

+drg:ff

@r to decimal float.

Converts .a from @r to +dn using the Dragon4 algorithm.

Accepts

.a is a @r, an IEEE float.

Produces

A +dn.

Source

++  drg
  |=  [a=@r]  (drg:pa (sea a))

Examples

> (drg:ma:rd `@r`0x41c0)
[%d s=%.y e=-323 a=8.316]

> (drg:ma:rd (sun:ma:rd 658.149.282))
[%d s=%.y e=--0 a=658.149.282]

---

+grd:ff

Decimal float to @r.

Converts .a from +dn to @r.

Accepts

.a is a +dn.

Produces

A @r, an IEEE float.

Source

++  grd
  |=  [a=dn]  (bif (grd:pa a))

Examples

> (grd:ma:rd [%d s=%.y e=--0 a=658.149.282])
0x41c39d47d1000000

---

+rlyd

Prep @rd for print.

Converts .a from a double-precision binary float to decimal64.

Accepts

.a is a @rd, a double-precision float.

Produces

A +dn.

Source

++  rlyd  |=  a=@rd  ^-  dn  (drg:rd a)

Examples

> (rlyd .~2.4703e-320)
[%d s=%.y e=-324 a=24.703]

---

+rlys

Prep @rs for print.

Converts .a from a single-precision binary float to decimal32.

Accepts

.a is a @rs, a single-precision float.

Produces

A +dn.

Source

++  rlys  |=  a=@rs  ^-  dn  (drg:rs a)

Examples

> (rlys .1.681557e-39)
[%d s=%.y e=-45 a=1.681.557]

---

+rlyh

Prep @rh for print.

Converts .a from a half-precision binary float to decimal16.

Accepts

.a is a @rh, a half-precision float.

Produces

A +dn.

Source

++  rlyh  |=  a=@rh  ^-  dn  (drg:rh a)

Examples

> (rlyh .~~3e1)
[%d s=%.y e=--1 a=3]

---

+rlyq

Prep @rq for print.

Converts .a from a quad-precision binary float to decimal128.

Accepts

.a is a @rq, a quad-precision float.

Produces

A +dn.

Source

++  rlyq  |=  a=@rq  ^-  dn  (drg:rq a)

Examples

> (rlyq .~~~2.2628017865927756787440310766086816e-4343)
[%d s=%.y e=-4.377 a=22.628.017.865.927.756.787.440.310.766.086.816]

---

+ryld

Finish parsing @rd.

Converts .a from a decimal float to a double-precision binary float.

Accepts

.a is a +dn.

Produces

A a @rd, a double-precision float.

Source

++  ryld  |=  a=dn  ^-  @rd  (grd:rd a)

Examples

> (ryld [%d s=%.y e=-324 a=24.703])
.~2.4703e-320

---

+ryls

Finish parsing @rs.

Converts .a from a decimal float to a single-precision binary float.

Accepts

.a is a +dn.

Produces

A a @rs, a single-precision float.

Source

++  ryls  |=  a=dn  ^-  @rs  (grd:rs a)

Examples

> (ryls [%d s=%.y e=-324 a=24.703])
.0

> (ryls [%d s=%.y e=-32 a=24.703])
.2.4703e-28

---

+rylh

Finish parsing @rh.

Converts .a from a decimal float to a half-precision binary float.

Accepts

.a is a +dn.

Produces

A a @rh, a half-precision float.

Source

++  rylh  |=  a=dn  ^-  @rh  (grd:rh a)

Examples

> (rylh [%d s=%.y e=--1 a=703])
.~~7.032e3

> (rylh [%d s=%.y e=--3 a=56])
.~~5.6e4

> (rylh [%d s=%.y e=--4 a=56])
.~~inf

---

+rylq

Finish parsing @rq.

Converts .a from a decimal float to a quad-precision binary float.

Accepts

.a is a +dn.

Produces

A a @rq, a quad-precision float.

Source

++  rylq  |=  a=dn  ^-  @rq  (grd:rq a)

Examples

> (rylq [%d s=%.y e=-324 a=24.703])
.~~~2.4703e-320

---

+rd

Double-precision floating-point operations.

A container core for operations related to double-precision binary floats.

+rd has four rounding modes: round to nearest (%n), round up (%u), round down (%d), and round to zero (%z). The default rounding mode is %z. If you need a different rounding mode, you'd do something like =/ rd-n ~(. rd %n) and then call the arms of your modified version instead.

Source

++  rd
  ^|
  ~%  %rd  +>  ~
  |_  r=$?(%n %u %d %z)

---

+ma:rd

Initialize +ff.

Instantiates the core +ff, giving values to its samples based on the configuration of the +rd core. This arm is used internally by +rd, you would not normally call this directly.

Source

++  ma
  %*(. ff w 11, p 52, b --1.023, r r)

Examples

> ~(ma rd %n)
< 24.ltg
  {{{w/@ud p/@ud b/@sd} r/?($n $u $d $z)} <54.tyv 119.wim 31.ohr 1.jmk $143>}
>

---

+sea:rd

@rd to +fn.

Converts .a from a double-precision binary float to +fn.

Source

++  sea
  |=  [a=@rd]  (sea:ma a)

Examples

> (sea:rd .~4.94066e-319)
[%f s=%.y e=-1.074 a=100.000]

---

+bit:rd

+fn to @rd.

Converts .a from +fn to a double-precision binary float.

Accepts

.a is an +fn.

Produces

A @rd, a double-precision float.

Source

++  bit
  |=  [a=fn]  ^-  @rd  (bit:ma a)

Examples

> (bit:rd [%f s=%.y e=-1.074 a=100.000])
.~4.94066e-319

---

+add:rd

Add.

Produces the sum of .a plus .b.

Accepts

.a is a @rd, a double-precision float.

.b is a @rd, a double-precision float.

Produces

A @rd.

Source

++  add  ~/  %add
  |=  [a=@rd b=@rd]  ^-  @rd
  ~_  leaf+"rd-fail"
  (add:ma a b)

Examples

> (add:rd .~3.94066e12 .~9.2846e11)
.~4.86912e12

---

+sub:rd

Subtract.

Produces the difference of .a minus .b.

Accepts

.a is a @rd, a double-precision float.

.b is a @rd, a double-precision float.

Produces

A @rd.

Source

++  sub  ~/  %sub
  |=  [a=@rd b=@rd]  ^-  @rd
  ~_  leaf+"rd-fail"
  (sub:ma a b)

Examples

> (sub:rd .~7.94069e2 .~1.2846e3)
.~-4.9053099999999995e2

---

+mul:rd

Multiply.

Produces the product of .a times .b.

Accepts

.a is a @rd, a double-precision float.

.b is a @rd, a double-precision float.

Produces

A @rd.

Source

++  mul  ~/  %mul
  |=  [a=@rd b=@rd]  ^-  @rd
  ~_  leaf+"rd-fail"
  (mul:ma a b)

Examples

> (mul:rd .~7.94069e2 .~1.2246e3)
.~9.724168973999998e5

---

+div:rd

Divide.

Produces the quotient of .a divided by .b.

Accepts

.a is a @rd, a double-precision float.

.b is a @rd.

Produces

A @rd.

Source

++  div  ~/  %div
  |=  [a=@rd b=@rd]  ^-  @rd
  ~_  leaf+"rd-fail"
  (div:ma a b)

Examples

> (div:rd .~7.94099e2 .~1.2246e3)
.~6.484558223093255e-1

---

+fma:rd

Fused multiply-add.

Produces the sum of .c plus the product of .a multiplied by .b; $(a * b) + c$.

Accepts

.a is a @rd, an IEEE float.

.b is a @rd.

.c is a @rd.

Produces

A @rd.

Source

++  fma  ~/  %fma
  |=  [a=@rd b=@rd c=@rd]  ^-  @rd
  ~_  leaf+"rd-fail"
  (fma:ma a b c)

Examples

> (fma:rd .~7.94099e2 .~1.2246e3 .~3.94066e3)
.~9.763942954e5

---

+sqt:rd

Square root.

Produces the square root of .a.

Accepts

.a is a @rd, a double-precision float.

Produces

A @rd.

Source

++  sqt  ~/  %sqt
  |=  [a=@rd]  ^-  @rd  ~_  leaf+"rd-fail"
  (sqt:ma a)

Examples

> (sqt:rd .~3.94066e3)
.~6.2774676422901614e1

---

+lth:rd

Less than.

Test whether .a is less than .b.

Accepts

.a is a @rd, a double-precision float.

.b is a @rd, a double-precision float.

Produces

A $flag.

Source

++  lth  ~/  %lth
  |=  [a=@rd b=@rd]
  ~_  leaf+"rd-fail"
  (lth:ma a b)

Examples

> (lth:rd .~7.94099e2 .~1.2246e3)
%.y

> (lth:rd .~7.94099e2 .~1.2246e2)
%.n

> (lth:rd .~1.2246e2 .~1.2246e2)
%.n

---

+lte:rd

Less than or equal.

Test whether .a is less than or equal to .b.

Accepts

.a is a @rd, a double-precision float.

.b is a @rd, a double-precision float.

Produces

A $flag.

Source

++  lte  ~/  %lte
  |=  [a=@rd b=@rd]
  ~_  leaf+"rd-fail"
  (lte:ma a b)

Examples

> (lte:rd .~7.94099e2 .~1.2246e3)
%.y

> (lte:rd .~7.94099e2 .~1.2246e2)
%.n

> (lte:rd .~1.2246e2 .~1.2246e2)
%.y

---

+equ:rd

Equals.

Test whether .a is equal to .b.

Accepts

.a is a @rd, a double-precision float.

.b is a @rd, a double-precision float.

Produces

A $flag.

Source

++  equ  ~/  %equ
  |=  [a=@rd b=@rd]
  ~_  leaf+"rd-fail"
  (equ:ma a b)

Examples

> (equ:rd .~7.94099e2 .~1.2246e3)
%.n

> (equ:rd .~7.94099e2 .~1.2246e2)
%.n

> (equ:rd .~1.2246e2 .~1.2246e2)
%.y

---

+gte:rd

Greater than or equal.

Test whether .a is greater than or equal to .b.

Accepts

.a is a @rd, a double-precision float.

.b is a @rd, a double-precision float.

Produces

A $flag.

Source

++  gte  ~/  %gte
  |=  [a=@rd b=@rd]
  ~_  leaf+"rd-fail"
  (gte:ma a b)

Examples

> (gte:rd .~7.94099e2 .~1.2246e3)
%.n

> (gte:rd .~7.94099e2 .~1.2246e2)
%.y

> (gte:rd .~1.2246e2 .~1.2246e2)
%.y

---

+gth:rd

Greater than.

Test whether .a is greater .b.

Accepts

.a is a @rd, a double-precision float.

.b is a @rd, a double-precision float.

Produces

A $flag.

Source

++  gth  ~/  %gth
  |=  [a=@rd b=@rd]
  ~_  leaf+"rd-fail"
  (gth:ma a b)

Examples

> (gth:rd .~7.94099e2 .~1.2246e3)
%.n

> (gth:rd .~7.94099e2 .~1.2246e2)
%.y

> (gth:rd .~1.2246e2 .~1.2246e2)
%.n

---

+sun:rd

Unsigned integer to @rd.

Converts an unsigned integer .a to @rd.

Accepts

.a is a @u, an unsigned integer.

Produces

A @rd.

Source

++  sun  |=  [a=@u]  ^-  @rd  (sun:ma a)

Examples

> (sun:rd 511)
.~5.11e2

---

+san:rd

Signed integer to @rd.

Converts a signed integer .a to @rd.

Accepts

.a is a @s, a signed integer.

Produces

A @rd.

Source

++  san  |=  [a=@s]  ^-  @rd  (san:ma a)

Examples

> (san:rd -511)
.~-5.11e2

---

+sig:rd

Get sign.

Produces the sign of .a.

Accepts

.a is a @rd

Produces

A $flag.

Source

++  sig  |=  [a=@rd]  ^-  ?  (sig:ma a)

Examples

> (sig:rd .~1.2246e3)
%.y

---

+exp:rd

Get exponent.

Produces the exponent of .a.

Accepts

.a is a @rd

Produces

A @s.

Source

++  exp  |=  [a=@rd]  ^-  @s  (exp:ma a)

Examples

> (exp:rd .~1.2246e3)
--10

---

+toi:rd

Round to integer.

Rounds .a to the nearest integer.

Accepts

.a is a @rd

Produces

A +unit of @s.

Source

++  toi  |=  [a=@rd]  ^-  (unit @s)  (toi:ma a)

Examples

> (toi:rd .~1.2246e3)
[~ u=--1.224]

---

+drg:rd

@rd to decimal float.

Produces the decimal form of .a using the Dragon4 algorithm. Guarantees accurate results for rounded floats.

Accepts

.a is a @rd

Produces

A +dn.

Source

++  drg  |=  [a=@rd]  ^-  dn  (drg:ma a)

Examples

> (drg:rd .~1.2246e3)
[%d s=%.y e=-1 a=12.246]

---

+grd:rd

Decimal float to @rd.

Converts .a from decimal float to @rd.

Accepts

.a is a @dn

Produces

A @rd.

Source

++  grd  |=  [a=dn]  ^-  @rd  (grd:ma a)

Examples

> (grd:rd [%d s=%.y e=-1 a=12.246])
.~1.2246e3

---

+rs

Single-precision floating-point operations.

A container core for operations related to single-precision binary floats.

+rs has four rounding modes: round to nearest (%n), round up (%u), round down (%d), and round to zero (%z). The default rounding mode is %z. If you need a different rounding mode, you'd do something like =/ rs-n ~(. rs %n) and then call the arms of your modified version instead.

Source

++  rs
  ~%  %rs  +>  ~
  ^|
  |_  r=$?(%n %u %d %z)

---

+ma:rs

Initialize +ff.

Instantiates the core +ff, giving values to its samples based on the configuration of the +rs core. This arm is used internally by +rs, you would not normally call this directly.

Source

++  ma
  %*(. ff w 8, p 23, b --127, r r)

Examples

> ~(ma rs %n)
< 24.ltg
  {{{w/@ud p/@ud b/@sd} r/?($n $u $d $z)} <54.tyv 119.wim 31.ohr 1.jmk $143>}
>

---

+sea:rs

@rs to +fn.

Converts .a from @rs to +fn.

Accepts

.a is a @rs, an single-precision float.

Produces

An +fn.

Source

++  sea
  |=  [a=@rs]  (sea:ma a)

Examples

> (sea:rs .1.4e-43)
[%f s=%.y e=-149 a=100]

---

+bit:rs

+fn to @rs.

Converts .a from +fn to @rs.

Accepts

.a is an +fn.

Produces

A @rs, a single-precision float.

Source

++  bit
  |=  [a=fn]  ^-  @rs  (bit:ma a)

Examples

> (bit:rs [%f & -2 1.000])
.2.5e2

---

+add:rs

Add.

Produces the sum of .a plus .b.

Accepts

.a is a @rs, a single-precision float.

.b is a @rs.

Produces

A @rs.

Source

++  add  ~/  %add
  |=  [a=@rs b=@rs]  ^-  @rs
  ~_  leaf+"rs-fail"
  (add:ma a b)

Examples

> (add:rs .2.5e1 .2.5e2)
.2.75e2

---

+sub:rs

Subtract.

Subtracts .a from .b.

Accepts

.a is a @rs.

.b is a @rs.

Source

++  sub  ~/  %sub
  |=  [a=@rs b=@rs]  ^-  @rs
  ~_  leaf+"rs-fail"
  (sub:ma a b)

Examples

> (sub:rs .2.5e1 .2.5e2)
.-2.25e2

---

+mul:rs

Multiply.

Produces the product of .a multiplied by .b.

Accepts

.a is a @rs, a single-precision float.

.b is a @rs.

Produces

A @rs.

Source

++  mul  ~/  %mul
  |=  [a=@rs b=@rs]  ^-  @rs
  ~_  leaf+"rs-fail"
  (mul:ma a b)

Examples

> (mul:rs .2.5e1 .2.5e2)
.6.25e3

---

+div:rs

Divide.

Produces the quotient of .a divided by .b.

Accepts

.a is a @rs, a single-precision float.

.b is a @rs.

Produces

A @rs.

Source

++  div  ~/  %div
  |=  [a=@rs b=@rs]  ^-  @rs
  ~_  leaf+"rs-fail"
  (div:ma a b)

Examples

> (div:rs .4.5e1 .2.2e2)
.2.0454545e-1

---

+fma:rs

Fused multiply-add.

Produces the sum of .c plus the product of .a multiplied by .b; $(a * b) + c$.

Accepts

.a is a @rs, a single-precision float.

.b is a @rs.

.c is a @rs.

Produces

A @rs.

Source

++  fma  ~/  %fma
  |=  [a=@rs b=@rs c=@rs]  ^-  @rs
  ~_  leaf+"rs-fail"
  (fma:ma a b c)

Examples

> (fma:rs .2.5e1 .2.5e2 .8.2e1)
.6.332e3

---

+sqt:rs

Square root.

Produces the square root of .a.

Accepts

.a is a @rs, a single-precision float.

Produces

A @rs.

Source

++  sqt  ~/  %sqt
  |=  [a=@rs]  ^-  @rs
  ~_  leaf+"rs-fail"
  (sqt:ma a)

Examples

> (sqt:rs .2.5e2)
.1.5811388e1

---

+lth:rs

Less than.

Test whether .a is less than .b.

Accepts

.a is a @rs, a single-precision float.

.b is a @rs.

Produces

A $flag.

Source

++  lth  ~/  %lth
  |=  [a=@rs b=@rs]
  ~_  leaf+"rs-fail"
  (lth:ma a b)

Examples

> (lth:rs .9.9e1 .1.1e2)
%.y

> (lth:rs .9.9e1 .9.9e1)
%.n

---

+lte:rs

Less than or equal.

Test whether .a is less than or equal to .b.

Accepts

.a is a @rs, a single-precision float.

.b is a @rs.

Produces

A $flag.

Source

++  lte  ~/  %lte
  |=  [a=@rs b=@rs]
  ~_  leaf+"rs-fail"
  (lte:ma a b)

Examples

> (lte:rs .9.9e1 .1.1e2)
%.y

> (lte:rs .9.9e1 .9.9e1)
%.y

---

+equ:rs

Equals.

Test whether .a is equal to .b.

Accepts

.a is a @rs, a single-precision float.

.b is a @rs.

Produces

A $flag.

Source

++  equ  ~/  %equ
  |=  [a=@rs b=@rs]
  ~_  leaf+"rs-fail"
  (equ:ma a b)

Examples

> (equ:rs .9.9e1 .1.1e2)
%.n

> (equ:rs .9.9e1 .9.9e1)
%.y

---

+gte:rs

Greater than or equal.

Test whether .a is greater than or equal to .b.

Accepts

.a is a @rs, a single-precision float.

.b is a @rs.

Produces

A $flag.

Source

++  gte  ~/  %gte
  |=  [a=@rs b=@rs]
  ~_  leaf+"rs-fail"
  (gte:ma a b)

Examples

> (gte:rs .9.9e1 .9.9e1)
%.y

> (gte:rs .9.9e1 .9.2e2)
%.n

---

+gth:rs

Greater than.

Test whether .a is greater than .b.

Accepts

.a is a @rs, a single-precision float.

.b is a @rs.

Produces

A $flag.

Source

++  gth  ~/  %gth
  |=  [a=@rs b=@rs]
  ~_  leaf+"rs-fail"
  (gth:ma a b)

Examples

> (gth:rs .9.9e1 .9.2e2)
%.n

> (gth:rs .9.9e1 .9.9e1)
%.n

> (gth:rs .9.9e1 .1.9e1)
%.y

---

+sun:rs

Unsigned integer to @rs.

Converts .a from an unsigned integer to @rs.

Accepts

.a is an unsigned integer.

Produces

A @rs.

Source

++  sun  |=  [a=@u]  ^-  @rs  (sun:ma a)

Examples

> (sun:rs 343)
.3.43e2

---

+san:rs

Signed integer to @rs.

Converts .a from a signed integer to @rs.

Accepts

.a is a signed integer.

Produces

A @rs.

Source

++  san  |=  [a=@s]  ^-  @rs  (san:ma a)

Examples

> (san:rs -343)
.-3.43e2'

---

+sig:rs

Get sign.

Produces the sign of .a.

Accepts

.a is a @rs.

Produces

A $flag.

Source

++  sig  |=  [a=@rs]  ^-  ?  (sig:ma a)

Examples

> (sig:rs .3.43e2)
%.y

> (sig:rs .-3.43e2)
%.n

---

+exp:rs

Get exponent.

Produces the exponent of .a.

Accepts

.a is a @rs.

Produces

A signed integer.

Source

++  exp  |=  [a=@rs]  ^-  @s  (exp:ma a)

Examples

> (exp:rs .-3.43e2)
--8

---

+toi:rs

Round to integer.

Rounds .a to the nearest integer.

Accepts

.a is a @rs.

Produces

A +unit of @s.

Source

++  toi  |=  [a=@rs]  ^-  (unit @s)  (toi:ma a)

Examples

> (toi:rs .-3.43e2)
[~ u=-343]

---

+drg:rs

@rs to decimal float.

Produces the decimal form of .a using the Dragon4 algorithm. Guarantees accurate results for rounded floats.

Accepts

.a is a @rs

Produces

A +dn.

Source

++  drg  |=  [a=@rs]  ^-  dn  (drg:ma a)

Examples

> (drg:rs .-3.43e2)
[%d s=%.n e=--0 a=343]

---

+grd:rs

Decimal float to @rs.

Converts .a from +dn to @rs.

Accepts

.a is a +dn.

Produces

A @rs.

Source

++  grd  |=  [a=dn]  ^-  @rs  (grd:ma a)

Examples

> (grd:rs [%d s=%.n e=--0 a=343])
.-3.43e2

---

+rq

Quadruple-precision fp.

A container core for operations related to quadruple-precision binary floats.

+rq has four rounding modes: round to nearest (%n), round up (%u), round down (%d), and round to zero (%z). The default rounding mode is %z. If you need a different rounding mode, you'd do something like =/ rq-n ~(. rq %n) and then call the arms of your modified version instead.

Source

++  rq
  ~%  %rq  +>  ~
  ^|
  |_  r=$?(%n %u %d %z)

+ma:rq

Initialize +ff.

Instantiates the core +ff, giving values to its samples based on the configuration of the +rq core. This arm is used internally by +rq, you would not normally call this directly.

Source

++  ma
  %*(. ff w 15, p 112, b --16.383, r r)

---

+sea:rq

@rq to +fn.

Converts .a from @rq to +fn.

Accepts

.a is a @rq, a quad-precision float.

Produces

An +fn.

Source

++  sea
  |=  [a=@rq]  (sea:ma a)

Examples

> (sea:rq .~~~1.05102e5)
[%f s=%.y e=-96 a=8.327.038.336.574.210.409.756.656.268.214.272]

---

+bit:rq

+fn to @rq.

Converts .a from +fn to @rq.

Accepts

.a is an +fn.

Produces

A @rq, a quad-precision float.

Source

++  bit
  |=  [a=fn]  ^-  @rq  (bit:ma a)

Examples

> (bit:rq [%f s=%.y e=-96 a=8.327.038.336.574.210.409.756.656.268.214.272])
.~~~1.05102e5

---

+add:rq

Add.

Produces the sum of .a plus .b.

Accepts

.a is a @rq, a quad-precision float.

.b is a @rq.

Produces

A @rq.

Source

++  add  ~/  %add
  |=  [a=@rq b=@rq]  ^-  @rq
  ~_  leaf+"rq-fail"
  (add:ma a b)

Examples

> (add:rq .~~~-1.821e5 .~~~1.05102e5)
.~~~-7.6998e4

---

+sub:rq

Subtract.

Produces the difference of .a minus .b.

Accepts

.a is a @rq, a quad-precision float.

.b is a @rq.

Produces

A @rq.

Source

++  sub  ~/  %sub
  |=  [a=@rq b=@rq]  ^-  @rq
  ~_  leaf+"rq-fail"
  (sub:ma a b)

Examples

> (sub:rq .~~~1.821e5 .~~~1.05102e5)
.~~~7.6998e4

> (sub:rq .~~~1.821e5 .~~~-1.05102e5)
.~~~2.87202e5

---

+mul:rq

Multiply.

Produces the product of .a times .b.

Accepts

.a is a @rq, a quad-precision float.

.b is a @rq.

Produces

A @rq.

Source

++  mul  ~/  %mul
  |=  [a=@rq b=@rq]  ^-  @rq
  ~_  leaf+"rq-fail"
  (mul:ma a b)

Examples

> (mul:rq .~~~1.821e5 .~~~-1.05102e5)
.~~~-1.91390742e10

---

+div:rq

Divide.

Produces the product of .a divided by .b.

Accepts

.a is a @rq, a quad-precision float.

.b is a @rq.

Produces

A @rq.

Source

++  div  ~/  %div
  |=  [a=@rq b=@rq]  ^-  @rq
  ~_  leaf+"rq-fail"
  (div:ma a b)

Examples

> (div:rq .~~~1.821e5 .~~~1.05102e3)
.~~~1.732602614602957127361991208540275e2

---

+fma:rq

Fused multiply-add.

Produces the sum of .c plus the product of .a multiplied by .b; $(a * b) + c$.

Accepts

.a is a @rq, a quad-precision float.

.b is a @rq.

.c is a @rq.

Produces

A @rq.

Source

++  fma  ~/  %fma
  |=  [a=@rq b=@rq c=@rq]  ^-  @rq
  ~_  leaf+"rq-fail"
  (fma:ma a b c)

Examples

> (fma:rq .~~~1.821e5 .~~~-1.05102e2 .~~~6.2044e7)
.~~~4.29049258e7

---

+sqt:rq

Square root.

Produces the square root of .a.

Accepts

.a is a @rq, a quad-precision float.

Produces

A @rq.

Source

++  sqt  ~/  %sqt
  |=  [a=@rq]  ^-  @rq
  ~_  leaf+"rq-fail"
  (sqt:ma a)

Examples

> (sqt:rq .~~~6.2044e7)
.~~~7.876801381271461258959876570289002e3

---

+lth:rq

Less than.

Tests whether .a is less than .b.

Accepts

.a is a @rq, a quad-precision float.

.b is a @rq.

Produces

A $flag.

Source

++  lth  ~/  %lth
  |=  [a=@rq b=@rq]
  ~_  leaf+"rq-fail"
  (lth:ma a b)

Examples

> (lth:rq .~~~1.2044e7 (mul:rq .~~~9.02e2 .~~~7.114e3))
%.n

> (lth:rq .~~~1.2044e7 (mul:rq .~~~9.02e3 .~~~7.114e3))
%.y

---

+lte:rq

Less than or equal.

Tests whether .a is less than or equal to .b.

Accepts

.a is a @rq, a quad-precision float.

.b is a @rq.

Produces

A $flag.

Source

++  lte  ~/  %lte
  |=  [a=@rq b=@rq]
  ~_  leaf+"rq-fail"
  (lte:ma a b)

Examples

> (lte:rq .~~~1.2044e7 (mul:rq .~~~9.02e2 .~~~7.114e3))
%.n

> (lte:rq .~~~1.2044e7 (mul:rq .~~~9.02e3 .~~~7.114e3))
%.y

> (lte:rq .~~~1.2044e7 .~~~1.2044e7)
%.y

---

+equ:rq

Equals.

Tests whether .a is equal to .b.

Accepts

.a is a @rq, a quad-precision float.

.b is a @rq.

Produces

A $flag.

Source

++  equ  ~/  %equ
  |=  [a=@rq b=@rq]
  ~_  leaf+"rq-fail"
  (equ:ma a b)

Examples

> (equ:rq .~~~1.2044e7 .~~~1.2044e7)
%.y

> (equ:rq .~~~2.2044e7 .~~~1.2044e7)
%.n

---

+gte:rq

Greater than or equal.

Tests whether .a is greater than or equal to .b.

Accepts

.a is a @rq, a quad-precision float.

.b is a @rq.

Produces

A $flag.

Source

++  gte  ~/  %gte
  |=  [a=@rq b=@rq]
  ~_  leaf+"rq-fail"
  (gte:ma a b)

Examples

> (gte:rq .~~~1.2044e7 .~~~1.2044e7)
%.y

> (gte:rq .~~~2.2044e7 .~~~1.2044e7)
%.y

> (gte:rq .~~~1.2044e7 .~~~2.2044e7)
%.n

---

+gth:rq

Tests whether .a is greater than .b.

Accepts

.a is a @rq, a quad-precision float.

.b is a @rq.

Produces

A $flag.

Source

++  gth  ~/  %gth
  |=  [a=@rq b=@rq]
  ~_  leaf+"rq-fail"
  (gth:ma a b)

Examples

> (gth:rq .~~~1.2044e7 .~~~1.2044e7)
%.n

> (gth:rq .~~~2.2044e7 .~~~1.2044e7)
%.y

> (gth:rq .~~~1.2044e7 .~~~2.2044e7)
%.n

---

+sun:rq

Unsigned integer to @rq.

Converts .a from an unsigned integer to @rq.

Accepts

.a is a @u, an unsigned integer.

Produces

A @rq, a quad-precision float.

Source

++  sun  |=  [a=@u]  ^-  @rq  (sun:ma a)

Examples

> (sun:rq 205)
.~~~2.05e2

---

+san:rq

Signed integer to +rq.

Converts .a from a signed integer to @rq.

Accepts

.a is a @s, a signed integer.

Produces

A @rq, a quad-precision float.

Source

++  san  |=  [a=@s]  ^-  @rq  (san:ma a)

Examples

> (san:rq -205)
.~~~-2.05e2

---

+sig:rq

Get sign.

Produces the sign of .a.

Accepts

.a is a @rq, a quad-precision float.

Produces

A $flag.

Source

++  sig  |=  [a=@rq]  ^-  ?  (sig:ma a)

Examples

> (sig:rq .~~~-2.05e2)
%.n

---

+exp:rq

Get exponent.

Gets the exponent of .a.

Accepts

.a is a @rq, a quad-precision float.

Produces

A @s, a signed integer.

Source

++  exp  |=  [a=@rq]  ^-  @s  (exp:ma a)

Examples

> (exp:rq .~~~-2.05e2)
--7

---

+toi:rq

Round to integer.

Rounds .a to the nearest integer.

Accepts

.a is a @rq, a quad-precision float.

Produces

A +unit of @s.

Source

++  toi  |=  [a=@rq]  ^-  (unit @s)  (toi:ma a)

Examples

> (toi:rq .~~~-2.085e2)
[~ u=-208]

> (toi:rq .~~~-2.08e2)
[~ u=-208]

---

+drg:rq

@rq to decimal float.

Produces the decimal form of .a using the Dragon4 algorithm. Guarantees accurate results for rounded floats.

Accepts

.a is a @rq, a quad-precision float.

Produces

A +dn.

Source

++  drg  |=  [a=@rq]  ^-  dn  (drg:ma a)

Examples

> (drg:rq .~~~-2.085e2)
[%d s=%.n e=-1 a=2.085]

> (drg:rq .~~~-2.08e2)
[%d s=%.n e=--0 a=208]

---

+grd:rq

Decimal float to @rq.

Converts .a from +dn to @rq.

Accepts

.a is +dn.

.a is a @rq.

Produces

A @rq, a quad-precision float.

Source

++  grd  |=  [a=dn]  ^-  @rq  (grd:ma a)

Examples

> (grd:rq [%d s=%.n e=--0 a=343])
.~~~-3.43e2

---

+rh

Half-precision fp.

A container core for operations related to half-precision binary floats.

+rh has four rounding modes: round to nearest (%n), round up (%u), round down (%d), and round to zero (%z). The default rounding mode is %z. If you need a different rounding mode, you'd do something like =/ rh-n ~(. rh %n) and then call the arms of your modified version instead.

Source

++  rh
  ~%  %rh  +>  ~
  ^|
  |_  r=$?(%n %u %d %z)

---

+ma:rh

Initialize +ff.

Instantiates the core +ff, giving values to its samples based on the configuration of the +rh core. This arm is used internally by +rh, you would not normally call this directly.

Source

++  ma
  %*(. ff w 5, p 10, b --15, r r)

---

+sea:rh

@rh to +fn.

Converts .a from @rh to +fn.

Accepts

.a is a @rh, a half-precision float.

Produces

An +fn.

Source

++  sea
  |=  [a=@rh]  (sea:ma a)

Examples

> (sea:rh .~~1.22e-5)
[%f s=%.y e=-24 a=205]

---

+bit:rh

+fn to @rh.

Converts .a from +fn to @rh.

Accepts

.a is an +fn.

Produces

A @rh, a half-precision float.

Source

++  bit
  |=  [a=fn]  ^-  @rh  (bit:ma a)

Examples

> (bit:rh [%f s=%.y e=-24 a=205])
.~~1.22e-5

---

+add:rh

Produces the sum of .a plus .b.

Accepts

.a is a @rh, a half-precision float.

.b is a @rh.

Produces

A @rh.

Source

++  add  ~/  %add
  |=  [a=@rh b=@rh]  ^-  @rh
  ~_  leaf+"rh-fail"
  (add:ma a b)

Examples

> (add:rh .~~1.82e2 .~~1.02e2)
.~~2.84e2

---

+sub:rh

Subtract.

Produces the difference of .a minus .b.

Accepts

.a is a @rh, a half-precision float.

.b is a @rh.

Produces

A @rh.

Source

++  sub  ~/  %sub
  |=  [a=@rh b=@rh]  ^-  @rh
  ~_  leaf+"rh-fail"
  (sub:ma a b)

Examples

> (sub:rh .~~1.821e2 .~~1.051e2)
.~~7.7e1

> (sub:rh .~~1.821e2 .~~6.051e2)
.~~-4.228e2

---

+mul:rh

Multiply.

Produces the product of .a times .b.

Accepts

.a is a @rh, a quad-precision float.

.b is a @rh.

Produces

A @rh.

Source

++  mul  ~/  %mul
  |=  [a=@rh b=@rh]  ^-  @rh
  ~_  leaf+"rh-fail"
  (mul:ma a b)

Examples

> (mul:rh .~~1.821e1 .~~-1.05102e2)
.~~-1.913e3

---

+div:rh

Divide.

Produces the product of .a divided by .b.

Accepts

.a is a @rh, a half-precision float.

.b is a @rh.

Produces

A @rh.

Source

++  div  ~/  %div
  |=  [a=@rh b=@rh]  ^-  @rh
  ~_  leaf+"rh-fail"
  (div:ma a b)

examples

> (div:rh .~~1.821e3 .~~1.05102e2)
.~~1.731e1

---

+fma:rh

Fused multiply-add.

Produces the sum of .c plus the product of .a multiplied by .b; $(a * b) + c$.

Accepts

.a is a @rh, a half-precision float.

.b is a @rh.

.c is a @rh.

Produces

A @rh.

Source

++  fma  ~/  %fma
  |=  [a=@rh b=@rh c=@rh]  ^-  @rh
  ~_  leaf+"rh-fail"
  (fma:ma a b c)

Examples

> (fma:rh .~~1.821e4 .~~-1.05102e2 .~~6.2044e3)
.~~-6.55e4

---

+sqt:rh

Square root.

Produces the square root of .a.

Accepts

.a is a @rh, a half-precision float.

Produces

A @rh.

Source

++  sqt  ~/  %sqt
  |=  [a=@rh]  ^-  @rh
  ~_  leaf+"rh-fail"
  (sqt:ma a)

Example

> (sqt:rh .~~6.24e4)
.~~2.498e2

---

+lth:rh

Less than.

Tests whether .a is less than .b.

Accepts

.a is a @rh, a half-precision float.

.b is a @rh.

Produces

A $flag.

Source

++  lth  ~/  %lth
  |=  [a=@rh b=@rh]
  ~_  leaf+"rh-fail"
  (lth:ma a b)

Examples

> (lth:rh .~~1.2e5 (mul:rh .~~9.02e2 .~~7.114e2))
%.n

> (lth:rh .~~1.2e3 (mul:rh .~~9.02e1 .~~7.114e2))
%.y

---

+lte:rh

Less than or equal.

Tests whether .a is less than or equal to .b.

Accepts

.a is a @rh, a half-precision float.

.b is a @rh.

Produces

A $flag.

Source

++  lte  ~/  %lte
  |=  [a=@rh b=@rh]
  ~_  leaf+"rh-fail"
  (lte:ma a b)

Examples

> (lte:rh .~~1.2e5 (mul:rh .~~9.02e2 .~~7.114e2))
%.n

> (lte:rh .~~1.2e3 (mul:rh .~~9.02e1 .~~7.114e2))
%.y

> (lte:rh .~~1.2e3 .~~1.2e3)
%.y

---

+equ:rh

Equals.

Tests whether .a is equal to .b.

Accepts

.a is a @rh, a half-precision float.

.b is a @rh.

Produces

A $flag.

Source

++  equ  ~/  %equ
  |=  [a=@rh b=@rh]
  ~_  leaf+"rh-fail"
  (equ:ma a b)

Examples

> (equ:rh .~~1.24e4 .~~1.24e4)
%.y

> (equ:rh .~~2.24e4 .~~1.24e4)
%.n

---

+gte:rh

Greater than or equal.

Tests whether .a is greater than or equal to .b.

Accepts

.a is a @rh, a half-precision float.

.b is a @rh.

Produces

A $flag.

Source

++  gte  ~/  %gte
  |=  [a=@rh b=@rh]
  ~_  leaf+"rh-fail"
  (gte:ma a b)

Examples

> (gte:rh .~~1.24e4 .~~1.24e4)
%.y

> (gte:rh .~~2.24e4 .~~1.24e4)
%.y

> (gte:rh .~~1.24e4 .~~2.24e4)
%.n

---

+gth:rh

Tests whether .a is greater than .b.

Accepts

.a is a @rh, a half-precision float.

.b is a @rh.

Produces

A $flag.

Source

++  gth  ~/  %gth
  |=  [a=@rh b=@rh]
  ~_  leaf+"rh-fail"
  (gth:ma a b)

Examples

> (gth:rh .~~1.24e4 .~~1.244e4)
%.n

> (gth:rh .~~2.24e4 .~~1.24e4)
%.y

> (gth:rh .~~1.24e4 .~~2.24e4)
%.n

---

+tos:rh

@rh to @rs.

Converts @ from @rh to @rs.

Accepts

.a is a @rh, a half-precision float.

Produces

A @rs, a single-precision float.

Source

++  tos
  |=  [a=@rh]  (bit:rs (sea a))

Examples

> (tos:rh .~~2.5e2)
.2.5e2

---

+fos:rh

@rs to @rh.

Converts @ from @rs to @rh.

Accepts

.a is a @rs, a single-precision float.

Produces

A @rh, a half-precision float.

Source

++  fos
  |=  [a=@rs]  (bit (sea:rs a))

Examples

> (fos:rh .2.5e2)
.~~2.5e2

---

+sun:rh

Unsigned integer to @rh.

Converts .a from an unsigned integer to @rh.

Accepts

.a is a @u, an unsigned integer.

Produces

A @rh, a half-precision float.

Source

++  sun  |=  [a=@u]  ^-  @rh  (sun:ma a)

Examples

> (sun:rh 205)
.~~2.05e2

---

+san:rh

Signed integer to @rh.

Converts .a from a signed integer to @rh.

Accepts

.a is a @s, a signed integer.

Produces

A @rh, a half-precision float.

Source

++  san  |=  [a=@s]  ^-  @rh  (san:ma a)

Examples

> (san:rh -205)
.~~-2.05e2

---

+sig:rh

Get sign.

Produces the sign of .a.

Accepts

.a is a @rh, a half-precision float.

Produces

A $flag.

Source

++  sig  |=  [a=@rh]  ^-  ?  (sig:ma a)

Examples

> (sig:rh .~~-2.05e2)
%.n

---

+exp:rh

Get exponent.

Gets the exponent of .a.

Accepts

.a is a @rh, a half-precision float.

Produces

A @s, a signed integer.

Source

++  exp  |=  [a=@rh]  ^-  @s  (exp:ma a)

Examples

> (exp:rh .~~-2.05e2)
--7

---

+toi:rh

Round to integer.

Rounds .a to the nearest integer.

Accepts

.a is a @rh, a half-precision float.

Produces

A +unit of @s.

Source

++  toi  |=  [a=@rh]  ^-  (unit @s)  (toi:ma a)

Examples

> (toi:rh .~~-2.085e2)
[~ u=-208]

> (toi:rh .~~-2.08e2)
[~ u=-208]

---

+drg:rh

@rh to decimal float.

Produces the decimal form of .a using the Dragon4 algorithm. Guarantees accurate results for rounded floats.

Accepts

.a is a @rh, a half-precision float.

Produces

A +dn.

Source

++  drg  |=  [a=@rh]  ^-  dn  (drg:ma a)

Examples

> (drg:rh .~~-2.085e2)
[%d s=%.n e=-1 a=2.085]

> (drg:rh .~~-2.08e2)
[%d s=%.n e=--0 a=208]

---

+grd:rh

Decimal float to @rh.

Converts .a from +dn to @rh.

Accepts

.a is +dn.

.a is a @rh.

Produces

A @rh, a a half-precision float.

Source

++  grd  |=  [a=dn]  ^-  @rh  (grd:ma a)

Examples

> (grd:rh [%d s=%.n e=--0 a=343])
.~~-3.43e2

---